水墨画——用寥寥几笔勾画出巍峨的群山；用黑白两色渲染出壮阔的河川。

“氛围感”极强的水墨画作为中国传统绘画，它具有怎样的特质？有哪些技法？这些术语如何用英语表达呢？

中英文内容来自中华思想文化术语传播工程核心成果——《中华思想文化术语》丛书。

水墨画

Ink Wash Painting

指中国画中纯用水墨、不用色彩的一种绘画形式。也称国画、中国画。以水、墨、毛笔和宣纸作为主要材料，通过调配清水的多少，引为浓墨、淡墨、干墨、湿墨、焦墨等，画出浓淡层次不同的作品。

This refers to a style of painting in which ink shades are manipulated through dilution, and color use is minimal. It is also known as traditional Chinese or typically Chinese painting. The materials used include ink and water, a painting brush, and rice paper. Through adjusting the proportion of water to ink, the final image varies between light and dark, wet and dry, and thick and thin ink, thus producing varying degrees of color intensity.

▌引例

夫画道之中，水墨最为上。 （旧题王维《画学秘诀》）

Ink wash is the cream of all painting techniques.

意 境

Aesthetic Conception

指文艺作品所描绘的景象与所表现的思想情感高度融合而形成的审美境界。后经过历代丰富发展，“意境”成为评价文艺作品水准的重要概念，是历代经典作品层累的结果，也是优秀文艺作品必须具备的重要特征。

The term refers to a state where the scene described in a literary or artistic work reflects the sense and sensibility intended. After evolving through several dynasties, this concept developed into an important criterion to judge the quality of a literary or artistic work, representing an accomplishment drawing on classical writings through ages.

▌引例

作诗之妙，全在意境融彻，出音声之外，乃得真味。 （朱承爵《存余堂诗话》）

A beautifully composed poem is one in which the blending of image and concept is such that it transcends that of sound and music. only then can one savor the real charm of poetry.

气 韵

Artistic Appeal

指绘画、书法、文学中所流露出的气势、韵致和生机，是文学艺术作品整体给人的审美感觉。气韵虽然通过作品呈现，却与艺术家本人的格调、心胸直接相关，属于自然天成，不能刻意获得。

This refers to the momentum, charm, and vitality in paintings as well as in calligraphic and literary works which together create artistic appeals. Expressed in a work of art, artistic appeal reflects an author’s unique approach to art and inspiration, something that he is born with rather than acquired.

▌引例

气韵有笔墨间两种。墨中气韵，人多会得；笔端气韵，世每鲜 （xiǎn）知。 （方薰《山静居画论》卷上）

There are two types of artistic appeal in the use of ink and of the painting brush respectively. The artistic appeal created through the use of ink is readily appreciated; however, such appeal created through the use of the painting brush is not easy to appreciate.

感 物

Sensed Externalities

指人为外物所触动产生了创作冲动，经过构思与艺术加工，形成为文艺作品。这一术语强调了文艺创作源于生活的基本理念。

A person’s creative impulse is triggered by one or more externalities, and after conceptualization and artistic treatment, this results in a work of art. This term emphasizes the fundamental idea that artistic creation is rooted in life.

▌引例

人禀七情，应物斯感，感物吟志，莫非自然。 （刘勰《文心雕龙·明诗》）

People have the seven emotions of joy, anger, sadness, fear, love, loathing and desire. He expresses his feelings and aspirations in a poetical way when he is stimulated by the external world and his heart is touched. All poems come from natural emotions.

中华思想文化术语

《中华思想文化术语（历史 哲学 文艺）》是国务院批准设立的“中华思想文化术语传播工程”的成果之一，以学生和教师等群体为读者对象，为其研读、理解和翻译中华思想文化相关内容提供准确权威、正本清源的参考。

这些术语反映了中国传统文化特征和民族思维方式，体现了中国核心价值，编写者用易于口头表达、交流的简练语言客观准确地予以诠释，目的是在政府机构、社会组织、传播媒体等对外交往活动中，传播好中国声音，讲好中国故事，让世界更多了解中国国情、历史和文化。

编辑：小术工作室

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